That quantum mechanics contains classical physics as a limit is false, for starters. Many quantum phenomena survive all the way to the classical scale and actually contradict any known version of classical physics.
I heard that a wavefunction applies to a quantum system. But what is a quantum system? I am new to quantum mechanics, sorry for asking a basic question.
What is coherence and quantum entanglement? Does it mean that two particles are the same? No, coherence means a mathematical relationship that remains invariant . Entanglement is related to coherence, as it is a description of particles that have an invariant relationship in time and space.
A correct and simple definition: "quantum physics" is a collection of models of physical phenomena which use the mathematics of "Hilbert space" to make operational predictions for the outcomes of laboratory experiments.
On wiki it is said that quantum state provides a probability distribution and I know what a probability distribution is (I think), but I don't understand what does it mean that quantum state "provides" it.
In classical physics (as opposed to quantum physics), inertial mass is defined ultimately by its role in Newton's second law. This is the one which says that rate of change of momentum is equal to force.
At the quantum level there is a notion of temperature. As in the classical discussion, it requires the number of particles to be large. Clearly, (ideal) quantum gases do have a temperature (when in equilibrium). As for your questions: What is temperature in terms of quantum mechanics?
What is the use of eigenvalue and eigenfunction in quantum mechanics specially Schrodinger equation? What is the physical meaning of having an eigenvalue and eigenfunction in Schrodinger equation?
Are you talking quantum field theory where there are operator valued fields defined in space and locality is about operators determined by spacelike separated regions commuting. Or nonrelativistic quantum mechanics where the wavefunction is not defined on space (it is defined on configuration space)? Please clarify.
